The antecedents of consumer intention to purchase halal cosmetic products in Pakistan: using behavioral reasoning theory

The research on halal cosmetic buying intention is still at the early stage and the reason to explain the buying behavior of halal cosmetic products among young Muslim consumers still remains unclear. To investigate this issue, this study has examined the factors that influence an individual’s intention to purchase halal cosmetic products. Literature review in this field shows that religiosity dimensions (i.e., interpersonal religiosity and intrapersonal religiosity) related to halal cosmetic in terms of understanding an individual’s intention to purchase halal cosmetic products has been neglected. This research developed a more comprehensive model to investigate factors that influence individual’s intention to purchase halal cosmetic products. This is done by incorporating religiosity dimensions in the behavioral reasoning theory. In this theory, the reasoning approach provides a complete set of antecedents that provide a better explanation of the intention to purchase halal cosmetic products, thus enhancing the practical contributions of this study. Data was collected through self-administered survey questionnaire from 542 full-time students in local private medical colleges located in the province of Punjab, Pakistan. Structural equation modeling was employed as the main statistical technique. Overall, the results indicate that the proposed model provides a good understanding of factors that influence the intention to purchase halal cosmetics products. Approximately 61% of the total variance of intention was explained by this proposed model indicating that the addition of the religiosity construct has increased the model’s explanatory capability. The results reveal that the model provides a better understanding of factors that influence the intention to purchase halal cosmetic products. The study also highlights the implications and limitations of the study as well as the suggestions for future research

Performance Analysis And Optimal Utilization Of Inter-Process Communications On A Commodity Cluster

Classical science is based on theory, observation and physical experimentation. Contemporary science is characterized by theory, observation, experimentation and numerical simulation. With the use of hardware and software we can simulate lots of phenomenon. This saves time, money and physical resources. Simulation of a certain phenomenon requires lots of computing power. Answer to these computational power needs is high performance computer. High performance computers consist of numerous processors working on same task in parallel. In the past, high performance computers were very expensive and affordable by few institutions. After Message Passing Interface library is ported to PC platform, commodity clusters can be built of inexpensive PCs and afforded by any researcher. Lots of performance analyses have been conducted on high-end supercomputers. None has been done on commodity clusters. In this thesis, experiments for six major MPI communication functions were performed on eight different configurations of clusters. Performance analyses were then conducted on the results. Based on the results, methods for optimal utilization of inter-process communications on commodity clusters were proposed

Classification of Anti‐Bacterial Agents and Their Functions

Bacteria that cause bacterial infections and disease are called pathogenic bacteria. They cause diseases and infections when they get into the body and begin to reproduce and crowd out healthy bacteria or to grow into tissues that are normally sterile. To cure infectious diseases, researchers discovered antibacterial agents, which are considered to be the most promising chemotherapeutic agents. Keeping in mind the resistance phenomenon developing against antibacterial agents, new drugs are frequently entering into the market along with the existing drugs. In this chapter, we discussed a revised classification and function of the antibacterial agent based on a literature survey. The antibacterial agents can be classified into five major groups, i.e. type of action, source, spectrum of activity, chemical structure, and function

The state of halal cosmetic research on consumer behavior: A systematic review of the literature and future research directions

The purpose of this study was to examine existing relevant literature on the halal cosmetic (consumer behavior domain) in the recent decade, to identify emergent issues and limitations.Moreover, suggest directions for future research.A systematic process of the literature review was adopted.Selected publications were analyzed, evaluates contributions and summarizes knowledge according to the topics studied, study context and research approach. The findings of this review indicate theoretical, methodological and geographical gaps

Beauty premium and halal cosmetics industry

This paper provides some insight on an unexplored most emerging sector of Islamic marketing and economy “halal cosmetics”.Beauty is one of the biggest reality in this world everyone likes to look beautiful and beauty around, that’s why in modern age expense on cosmetics increase. Cosmetics are articles that used to increase beauty.There are many types and categories of cosmetics.Muslims are bound to religious requirements in every sphere of life, including cosmetics, therefore, there is a big scope for halal cosmetics industry to flourish and earn the profit. It is a source of marketing expansion. Non-Muslims also attract towards halal cosmetics for its natural, environmentally friendly and green ingredients.Facts and figures also show evidence that halal perspective of cosmetics is a matter of concerns for consumers, producers, manufacturers, and marketers

The Use of Bio-Inks and the Era of Bioengineering and Tooth Regeneration

Objective: To review existing literature and provide an update on the current use of Bio-Inks and potential future use. Material and Methods: A MeSH keyword search was conducted to find out relevant articles for this short review. Results: Bio inks used in 3D printing grafting require various properties essential for the selection. Combining multiple methods and improved properties is essential for developing successful bio-inks for 3D grafting of functional tissues and tooth pulp regeneration from stem cells. To date, researchers have made many efforts to grow teeth based on stem cells and inculcate regeneration of teeth along with surrounding tissues like alveolar bones and periodontal ligaments. Conclusion: 3D printing with Bio-Inks requires strict adherence to safety protocols for successful outcomes, making it difficult to employ this routinely

Assessment of asthma control using the asthma control test at a tertiary care centre in Karachi, Pakistan

The aim of our study was to assess asthma control among asthmatics at a tertiary care setting in Karachi using ACT questionnaire. The ACT questionnaire was filled by known asthmatics in January 2007. A total of 150 questionnaires were filled of which, 61 (40%) were males and 89 (60%) females. Mean ACT score was 17.71 +/- 4.41. Association between sex and asthma control was not statistically significant. Significant association was seen with asthma control and Ipratropium bromide inhaler. Asthma control among patients at a tertiary care centre is moderate. ACT can be used to follow patients in the hospital

Interference aware cluster-based joint channel assignment scheme in multi-channel multi-radio wireless mesh networks

Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) are emerging as a promising solution for robust and ubiquitous broadband Internet access in both urban and rural areas. WMNs extend the coverage and capacity of traditionalWi-Fi islands through multi-hop,multichannel and multi-radio wireless connectivity. The foremost challenge, encountered in deploying a WMN, is the interference present between the co-located links, which limits the throughput of the network. Thus, the objective of this research is to improve the throughput, fairness and channel utilization of WMNs by mitigating the interference using optimized spatial re-usability of joint channels available in the 2.4 GHz Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band. Interference is quantified depending on the relative location of the interfering links. Further, the Interference aware Non-Overlapping Channel assignment (I-NOC) model is developed to mitigate the interference by utilizing optimized spectral re-usability of Non-Overlapping Channels (NOCs). NOCs are limited in number. Therefore, I-NOC model is extended by using joint channels available in the free spectrum, and termed as Interference aware Joint Channel Assignment (I-JCA) model. Normally, joint channel assignment is considered harmful due to adjacent channel interference. However, by systematic optimization, the I-JCA model has utilized the spectral re-usability of joint channels. I-JCA model cannot be solved at the time of network initialization because it requires prior knowledge of the geometric locations of the nodes. Thus, Interference aware Cluster-based Joint Channel Assignment Scheme (I-CJCAS) is developed. I-CJCAS partitions the network topology into tangential non-overlapping clusters, with each cluster consisting of intra- and inter-cluster links. I-CJCAS mitigates the interference effect of a cluster’s intra-cluster links by assigning a distinct common channel within its interference domain. On the other hand, the inter-cluster links are assigned to a channel based on the transmitter of the inter-cluster link. I-CJCAS is benchmarked with Hyacinth, Breadth-First Search Channel Assignment (BFS-CA) and Cluster- Based Channel Assignment Scheme (CCAS) in terms of throughput, fairness, channel utilization, and impact of traffic load in single-hop and multi-hop flows. Results show that I-CJCAS has outperformed the benchmark schemes at least by a factor of 15 percent. As a part of future work, I-CJCAS can be extended to incorporate dynamic traffic load, topology control, and external interference from co-located wireless network deployments